Climate models depend on dynamics across a huge range of spatial and temporal scales. Resolving all scales that matter for climate–from the scales of cloud droplets to planetary circulations–will be impossible for the foreseeable future. Therefore, it remains critical to link what is unresolvable to variables resolved on the model grid scale. Parameterization schemes are a tool to bridge such scales; they provide simplified representations of the smallest scales by introducing new empirical parameters. An important source of uncertainty in climate projections comes from uncertainty about these parameters, in addition to uncertainties about the structure of the parameterization schemes themselves.…
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